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Is climate change primarily caused by human activity?
The overwhelming majority of weighted, peer-reviewed evidence supports that observed warming since ~1850 is primarily driven by anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Remaining…
Do childhood vaccines cause autism?
The weighted evidence overwhelmingly refutes this claim. Large, independent population studies across multiple countries find no association between childhood vaccination and au…
Did the universe begin with a Big Bang ~13.8 billion years ago?
Independent observational pillars — the cosmic microwave background, the abundances of light elements, and the redshift–distance relation — converge tightly on the hot Big Bang…
Do minimum-wage increases reduce employment?
The literature is genuinely divided. Quasi-experimental studies since the 1990s find small, context-dependent effects in both directions, and reasonable economists disagree on t…
Is there life elsewhere in the universe?
No direct observational evidence of extraterrestrial life yet exists. The surrounding work establishes that habitable environments are common, but the question itself remains un…
Are microplastics in the human body harmful?
Detection of microplastics in human tissue is well established, and the first studies linking them to clinical outcomes are appearing. Causal harm pathways and dose–response rel…